An Illustrative Model of Economically Utilizing Point of Care and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing to Reduce Costs and Help Balance Supply and Demand

Introduction/Objective: Both point of care (POC) antigen-based assays and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) laboratory-based assays exist for diagnosis of COVID-19. COVID-19 RT-PCR tests are the gold standard based on their higher sensitivity. However, in this era of inflation and supply chain disruptions, the use of only RT-PCR tests would be more expensive and may be vulnerable to reagent supply chain shortages. Triage of resources of both test types is important in ensuring access and equity in testing distribution as well as ensuring economical RT-PCR testing access for sicker patients. A comparison of costs was explored by contrasting a model of cost effectively reserving RT-PCR tests for those with significant disease requiring hospitalization and using POC tests for those with mild disease (defined as at most mild symptoms not requiring hospitalization) versus universal provision of RT-PCR to all. Methods/Case Report: Cost information from the regional Veteran Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), specifically for the Alinity-m (RT-PCR) and BinaxNOW (POC) by Abbott (Chicago IL), and from the community (median COVID-19 RT- PCR pricing obtained from the Peterson KFF Health System Tracker) were included. Based on this cost information, a model of 100 tested COVID-19 suspected patients was created. A percentage of mild disease not requiring hospitalization (81%) was utilized based on literature from early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Results (if a Case Study enter NA): The cost per test at VAMC factored in was $28.34 (Alinity-m) and $5 (BinaxNOW). The median community RT-PCR and POC price factored in was $148 and $25, respectively. From the model of 100 COVID-19 with a mild disease percentage of 81%, the total testing cost of including POC assays for mild cases vs. universal RT-PCR assays would be $943.46 vs. $2,834 at the VAMC and similarly $4,837 vs. $14,800 in the community for a 67% reduction in costs at both settings. Conclusion(s): A model of testing including both POC and RT-PCR testing may be economical and critically help ensure triage of resources in this era of inflation and supply chain shortages.

A Digital Communication Twin for Addressing Misinformation: Vision, Challenges, Opportunities

In this article, we propose a novel approach to address the major ethical and societal problem of misinformation on social media. Specifically, how can we identify misinformation, understand how it spreads, and produce effective interventions? Our envisioned solution is sociotechnical in that it relies upon people (specifically community leaders) to push back against the ravages of misinformation but incorporates novel computational support for doing so. Specifically, we envision a digital communication twin platform for misinformation flow in social networks. We present the motivation, components, challenges, and opportunities in the development of this platform. We illustrate the potential for this approach via misinformation about healthcare, which has flourished during the COVID-19 pandemic.